Knead & Fold Kitchen Appliance

What is it?

The Knead & Fold Kitchen Appliance helps you create a certain kind of Scale Pattern that is made from two different intervals. (Scale Patterns are what define your scale and are like the dough from which you make your scale.)

Some of the types of scales which this appliance can mix up are meantone & linear temperaments, and MOS scales. Every scale you can make in Knead & Fold is a linear scale. Some of these scales will be Moment of Symmetry (MOS) scales. MOS scales are the linear temperaments in which there are no more than two different step sizes in the scale. Which of all these you call meantones is a matter of taste and philosophy. Many historical tunings are meantones in which the Folding Interval is an octave and the Kneaded Interval is a slightly flat fifth. Some might want to restrict the word meantone for these scales. Others might want to call a much wider set of scales meantones.

If there is no Oven visible, you won’t be able to select Knead & Fold, nor any of the other entries in the Scale Pattern Menu. This is because all the functions in the Scale Pattern menu affect Scale Patterns, which are part of the Recipe, which is inside of an Oven — so you need to have an Oven open first.
You create a Knead & Fold window by selecting that entry in the Scale Pattern Menu. A Knead & Fold editor will then be opened for the Oven which was topmost when you opened the Knead & Fold appliance. You can open multiple kitchen appliances at a time if you wish, one for each Oven that is open.

How does it work?

You can knead an interval in your scale and make it a little bit bigger or smaller — some people call this squeezing process tempering though it’s really more like the squeezing and stretching done during kneading:

Imagine that you make a long chain of these kneaded intervals, each one connected to the end of the one before. Now you can pick a second interval by editing the Repeat Ratio in the connected Oven, which becomes your Folding Interval. The Folding Interval folds that kneaded chain back so that it wraps back around into the Folding Interval just like a necklace made of blueberries, or the rim of a pie’s crust:

You also pick how long the chain is that you will fold in. However long it is will affect the number of notes that end up being included within one repetition of the Repeat Ratio/Folding Interval.

You can keep your Knead & Fold Dialog open as long as you like and can have every Oven that is open have its very own separate Knead & Fold window. When you change the Repeat Ratio or the Anchor Key in the Oven, that information is instantly updated in the Knead and Fold window associated with that Oven.

The graphical display shows you what the Scale Pattern will look like once you do the fold. As you experiment with the details of your Knead & Fold, the display shows what the result would look like.

When you press the [Fold] button, the new scale pattern is automatically written to the Oven and the Knead & Fold window is closed. Also at this time, the settings you used are saved so that if you save your recipe, the last used Knead & Fold settings are saved along with it, showing the Scale Recipe’s history or derivation.

If instead you press [Cancel], or close the window, your edits are discarded and the last changes to the Knead & Fold settings will not be saved.

MOS Detection

A MOS or Moment-Of-Symmetry tuning is one in which there are no more than two step sizes. An equivalent term is to say that the scale has Myhill’s Property. It means the same thing. Most popular Baroque meantone scales are also MOS scales. For example, the 1/4 Comma Meantone scale with a length of 12 steps consists entirely of steps that are either 117 or 76 cents.

Since MOS scales can be of special interest, LMSO helps readily identify which scale lengths give MOS scales. The scale degrees in the scale display appear in a brighter shade of blue for MOS scales.


Example

When your Repeat Ratio is set to 2/1 (the octave) and your generating interval is the fifth and it has been kneaded a little bit, say by a quarter of a syntonic comma — well then you have 1/4 comma meantone, the famous Renaissance and Baroque tuning. You can make the chain be 12 units long total and if you do, you’ll have a standard tuning for use on a regular keyboard.

If you like, you can extend the chain to 16 or 19 notes or more and you’ll have an extended meantone that includes both views of the enharmonic notes like D# and Eb.

Next you can try to stretch or compress the Repeat Ratio from the octave to see what effect that has. Then try making up tunings with a different Repeat Ratio altogether — try folding 12/7 into 7/3, or the fifth into the harmonic 7th (7:4) or whatever crazy scheme you can think up — see how they all sound! This handy kitchen gizmo isn’t just a meantone maker, it’s a generalized whatchamawhazzit widget! Yes, it kneads, it folds, it does your laundry and decorates your pie tins! It’s the one widget you won’t want to be without!